Which term defines a maladaptive pattern of substance use with recurrent and significant adverse consequences affecting social, physical, or occupational functioning?

• A. Misuse
• B. Abuse
• C. Enabling
• D. Dual diagnosis

Answer: (B)

The concept being tested is recognizing a pattern of substance use that causes ongoing harm and impairment in daily functioning. The term that best captures this description is abuse, because it specifically denotes repeated use leading to significant negative consequences in social, physical, or occupational areas. Misuse is a broader, less formal idea of improper use without necessarily implying ongoing impairment. Enabling describes a behavior by others that helps someone continue using, not a diagnosis. Dual diagnosis refers to having a co-occurring mental health disorder with substance use. So abuse best matches the idea of recurrent harm affecting functioning.