Korsakoff's psychosis is a late manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy and is characterized by which features?

• A. Memory loss and confabulation
• B. Seizures and tremors
• C. Severe liver failure
• D. Auditory hallucinations

Answer: (A)

Korsakoff's psychosis represents a chronic memory disorder that follows Wernicke's encephalopathy, caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency often linked to long-term alcohol use. The defining features are memory loss, especially difficulty forming new memories (anterograde amnesia), and confabulation—the brain’s tendency to produce plausible but false memories or stories to fill in those gaps. This combination arises because thiamine deficiency damages memory-related brain areas, such as the mammillary bodies and thalamic structures, leading to impaired encoding and retrieval while other cognitive functions may be relatively preserved.

Seizures and tremors can occur in the acute Wernicke phase but are not the hallmark of Korsakoff's psychosis. Severe liver failure and auditory hallucinations aren’t characteristic features of Korsakoff’s syndrome either.